J.Ok. Rowling transphobia timeline: Imane Khelif is Harry Potter writer’s newest goal

J.Ok. Rowling’s supporters steadily declare the writer has by no means really mentioned or completed something transphobic. It’s a place you may see on social media, within the pages of the New York Instances, and even on a brand new podcast with Rowling herself.

It’s additionally an simply debunked lie.

A few of this confusion round Rowling’s opinions will be cleared up with a definition of transphobia, which doesn’t — regardless of the “phobia” — solely imply concern of trans individuals, however, per Merriam-Webster, additionally an “irrational concern of, aversion to, or discrimination in opposition to transgender individuals.” (In reality, Merriam-Webster’s personal examples record cites a number of articles associated to Rowling.) Rowling can say she likes everybody, however she has displayed that prejudice again and again. She’s additionally peddled specific concern of trans individuals, notably trans ladies, insisting they’re an inherently harmful menace to cisgender ladies.

Though some in the media distort the anger directed at Rowling from trans activists, trans individuals, and allies, the reality is these emotions — not simply anger, however betrayal and grief — are justified. Rowling has made her antagonistic place on trans points clear by means of tweets, sound bites, actions, and even a 3,600-word weblog submit. By 2024, her transphobia has turn out to be so rampant and fixed that it’s troublesome to construct a very complete timeline of it. For these attuned to it, she doesn’t need to spell it out each single time; it’s an enormous a part of her identification. These canine whistles solely result in extra confusion, nonetheless, permitting individuals to level to the absence of instantly apparent bigotry to say she’s being unfairly maligned. Moreover, she more and more threatens detractors with authorized motion, which contributes to critics of her habits falling silent. Conspicuously, lots of her authorized threats look like directed at people figuring out as a part of the LGBTQ+ neighborhood.

Since Rowling started airing her views, her neighborhood, particularly on-line the place many of those conversations are had, is now stacked with equally minded individuals who share her transphobic beliefs. For example, Rowling is associates with quite a few anti-trans activists, together with Helen Joyce, who’s made alarmingly transphobic statements calling for a “discount” within the variety of trans individuals. She’s tweeted public assist for anti-gay, anti-trans activist Caroline Farrow. These connections are a part of a social community echo chamber of trans-exclusionary radical feminists, or TERFs (generally known as “radfems” or the “gender-critical” motion). In Rowling’s native UK, TERFism has gained a novel stronghold over some notably vocal, ostensibly liberal feminists like Rowling.

The details we will simply level to recommend that Rowling has been turning towards an anti-trans stance over a protracted interval, starting principally with easy engagement on social media and resulting in fiery and extremist statements. Whereas labeling one thing transphobic is a severe accusation, and never one thing we do calmly, it’s vital to acknowledge Rowling’s bigotry for what it’s. The rundown that follows reveals her rising embrace of transphobic, even extremist rhetoric.

2014: Rowling writes The Silkworm, the second novel within the Cormoran Strike thriller sequence, which includes a trans girl who’s portrayed as conspicuous and unable to move. The guide features a scene the place the primary character gleefully threatens this character with jail rape.

October 2017: Rowling “likes” a tweet linking to a controversial, since-deleted Medium article referring to a theoretical trans girl in a feminine area as “a stranger with a penis.” Whereas liking a tweet might sound small, that is notable as a result of the piece made the fundamental argument Rowling continues to make at the moment, particularly that trans ladies are by default a part of a “male-bodied” group who’re harmful to ladies and who shouldn’t have entry to ladies’s bogs. Within the public sphere, this kicks off questions on whether or not Rowling is anti-trans, that are adopted by the writer entrenching additional.

​​2018: In March, Rowling “likes” (after which unlikes) a tweet referring to trans ladies as “males in clothes” and implying that trans rights are “misogyny.” A JKR spokesperson later claims that this “like” was an accident and that Rowling was having “a middle-aged second.”

In September, Rowling “likes” a tweet linking to an opinion column by identified TERF Janice Turner, which argues but once more that trans ladies are inherently sexual predators, referring to them as “fox[es] in a henhouse … determine[ing] as [hens].” The parable that trans ladies are a hazard to cis ladies is a grossly transphobic stereotype with nearly no real-world justification, however Rowling pins most of her anti-trans arguments on it, utilizing her expertise as a survivor of home abuse to justify her prejudice.

December 2019: In a shift towards brazenly voicing her anti-trans sentiments, Rowling vocally helps the plaintiff of an employment discrimination go well with within the UK. Maya Forstater turned a trigger célèbre within the TERF neighborhood after suing the corporate that selected to not renew her contract. In 2018, Forstater posted quite a few anti-trans tweets, each generalizing about trans individuals and instantly concentrating on one nonbinary particular person. The tweets made employees members at her firm uncomfortable, and in the end, in March 2019, the group declined to resume Forstater’s contract. Rowling’s tweet, by which she distorts trans identification and the details of the case, marks the primary time many individuals turn out to be conscious of her rising transphobic tendencies.

June 2020: In a tweet, Rowling mocks the trans-inclusive phrase “individuals who menstruate” in an article about pandemic menstrual well being, implying that the phrase, meant to embody trans males and nonbinary individuals, erases, overrides, or obscures the phrase “ladies.”

In a follow-up to the earlier tweet and the backlash it spawned, Rowling posts a thread implying that trans activists are “erasing the idea of [biological] intercourse” and together with it “the lived actuality of girls.” She additionally states, “I’d march with you in the event you have been discriminated in opposition to on the premise of being trans.” (Thus far, she has not.)

Days later, Rowling produces her most overt and prolonged dialogue of her views, a 3,600-word manifesto revealed on her web site responding to “the brand new trans activism.” The submit is replete with myths and false transphobic stereotypes, notably revolving across the narratives that gender and biology are inextricable and that trans ladies are harmful. Rowling states the motion gives “cowl to predators”. She additionally repeatedly amplifies the alarmist, false thought that teenagers are transitioning as a part of a social media development, a declare based mostly on a handful of inaccurate and shady scientific research claiming that an outsize variety of trans teenagers will detransition later, research which have since been extensively debunked.

August 2020: After the Robert F. Kennedy Human Rights group points a press release repudiating her transphobia, Rowling doubles down on her place and returns an award given to her by the org in 2019.

September 2020: Rowling releases the Cormoran Strike guide Troubled Blood and is extensively criticized after she creates a villain who preys on ladies by sporting ladies’s garments. That is precisely the specter of a sexual predator that Rowling believes hides behind the label of “trans girl.”

December 2020: In an interview with Good Housekeeping, Rowling claims that “90 p.c” of Harry Potter followers secretly agree along with her anti-trans views, however that “many are afraid to talk up as a result of they concern for his or her jobs and even for his or her private security.” This as soon as once more stereotypes trans activists as an offended, entitled, and harsh mob.

July 2021: Rowling tweets a screenshot of a tiny account — reportedly with round 200 followers on the time — of a self-identified trans consumer who mentions her in a tweet discussing gender identification. Since Rowling didn’t take away the trans consumer’s data within the screenshot that went out to her 14 million followers, that consumer is subsequently inundated with transphobic harassment and in the end deletes their Twitter account.

November 2021: Rowling publicizes {that a} group of three trans individuals shared a photograph of themselves holding protest indicators exterior of her home, saying that she had known as the police out of alarm (a truth Scottish police additionally verified). Rowling claims that these protesters had “doxxed” her, and the media runs with this report, which performs into the bigger evolving media narrative of Rowling as a sufferer of trans harassment. However as many individuals have identified, Rowling’s tackle is publicly identified — so well-known, actually, that it’s a frequent fan tour cease. Police later formally state there’s “no criminality” in what the trans protesters had completed.

As trans tradition vlogger Jessie Earl factors out, trans individuals themselves are at a lot increased danger of experiencing doxxing, bullying, and harassment than cisgender individuals. Earl additionally notes that Rowling has supported and platformed (by means of Twitter likes, follows, and retweets) a number of TERFs who had themselves doxxed different individuals, together with Marion Millar, who confronted legal costs for homophobically doxxing a police officer (although these costs have been dropped pending assessment); Rosie Duffield, an MP who drew criticism for “publicly outing” a employees member who resigned over her transphobia; and Rosa Freedman, a professor who doxxed a scholar who emailed her requesting a chat about her views on trans equality.

December 2021: Rowling shares a Sunday Instances article that mocks the Scottish police for recognizing transgender identification. In her tweet, she parodies 1984, writing, “Battle is Peace. Freedom is Slavery. Ignorance is Power. The Penised Particular person Who Raped You Is a Lady.”

Later that month, in the course of a thread ostensibly making an attempt to assist trans equality, Rowling tweets, “The query on the coronary heart of this debate is whether or not intercourse or gender identification ought to kind the premise of choices on safeguarding, provision of companies, sporting classes and different areas the place ladies and ladies at the moment have authorized rights and protections.” The thought behind what Rowling is saying is that permitting trans ladies equal entry to these areas will erode present authorized rights for cisgender ladies and ladies. It is a place that solely is smart in case you are denying that trans ladies and ladies are ladies and ladies. Rowling then provides an insistence on separating “intercourse” from “gender,” an essentialist concept that contradicts present medical observe and scientific analysis, which advocates for treating gender identification as linked primarily to the mind, not anatomy.

March 2022: In response to a since-deleted tweet (which was itself a reply to a tweet by which Rowling implied trans ladies have been “predators”), Rowling tweets about a sexual assault dedicated by a trans girl, utilizing this single incident to suggest that each one trans ladies ought to be denied entry to public areas designated for ladies.

The subsequent day, on Worldwide Ladies’s Day, Rowling posts a sequence of tweets maligning gender-inclusive language and mockingly referencing Voldemort by sarcastically opining that the day in future could be often called “She Who Should Not Be Named Day.” She additionally explicitly criticizes gender-inclusive laws.

Later that month, British lawyer Alison Bailey partially wins an employment discrimination lawsuit by which she claimed that she was discriminated in opposition to due to her gender-essentialist views. Whereas the lawsuit was in progress, Rowling posted a tweet urging her followers to financially assist Bailey.

August 2022: Rowling’s newest Cormoran Strike guide, The Ink Black Coronary heart, as soon as once more comes beneath hearth for transphobia due to its depiction of a personality broadly viewable as a satirical stand-in for Rowling herself — an anti-trans public determine who’s “canceled” by the web on trumped-up costs of transphobia after which killed.

December 2022: Rowling screencaps a thread in regards to the controversial new Hogwarts Legacy online game by the aforementioned widespread transgender YouTuber Jessie Earl, a.okay.a. Jessie Gender. Earl factors out that supporting the franchise would “justify her continued concentrating on of trans individuals”; Rowling, in response, sarcastically accuses Earl of working towards “purethink,” implying trans advocacy is a kind of spiritual dogma. An onslaught of transphobic social media harassment concentrating on Earl follows.

This month, Rowling additionally personally funds a brand new home violence assist middle in Edinburgh, Scotland, which explicitly excludes trans ladies; Rowling frames this new middle as providing “women-centered and women-delivered care.” Edinburgh’s longstanding home violence assist middle has had a trans girl as its director since 2021. Trans ladies, particularly ladies of shade, are at a vastly increased danger of experiencing home violence and sexual assault than cisgender ladies.

January 2023: Rowling tweets that she is “Deeply amused by these telling me I’ve misplaced their admiration because of the disrespect I present violent, duplicitous rapists.” Probably the most rapid context for this remark is presumably each the backlash to Hogwarts Legacy and the continued backlash over Rowling’s views writ massive concerning trans ladies being harmful predators. So an inexpensive implication of Rowling’s phrases appears to be that she considers trans ladies, by default, to be “violent, duplicitous rapists.”

March 2023: A new podcast, The Witch Trials of J.Ok. Rowling, produced by Bari Weiss’s The Free Press and hosted by distinguished former Westboro Baptist Church member Megan Phelps-Roper, featured interviews with Rowling. In its fifth episode, Rowling begins discussing the trendy trans rights motion, calling it “a cultural motion that was intolerant in its strategies and questionable in its concepts” and insisting, “I imagine, completely, that there’s something harmful about this motion and that it have to be challenged.”

She then compares the motion to Dying Eaters — the villainous supremacists in her books, analogous to Nazis:

[S]ome of you haven’t understood the books. The Dying Eaters claimed, “We’ve got been made to stay in secret, and now’s our time, and any who stand in our approach have to be destroyed. For those who disagree with us, you could die.” They demonized and dehumanized those that weren’t like them.

I’m combating what I see as a strong, insidious, misogynistic motion, that has gained large buy in very influential areas of society. I don’t see this specific motion as both benign or powerless, so I’m afraid I stand with the ladies who’re combating to be heard in opposition to threats of lack of livelihood and threats to their security.

Whereas Rowling can say she solely intends to focus on the precise trans activists who’re offended at her, that’s an inconceivable distinction. She doesn’t point out any formal group or entity that represents trans rights that has acted in opposition to her. The one context now we have for what she is responding to are non-affiliated people on Twitter sending offended messages in response to her transphobic feedback. Certainly, the episode is titled “The Tweets” and options Phelps-Roper studying offended and unhappy tweets from former followers of Rowling. This generalization doesn’t distinguish “the motion” from people who find themselves merely offended and upset with Rowling. As a substitute, it appears to suggest that “good” trans persons are those who settle for Rowling’s model of their identification and permit her viewpoint — that they aren’t who they are saying they’re — to dominate their struggle for social acceptance.

Trans persons are estimated to comprise about half a p.c of populations in each the US and the UK. A 2018 examine from UCLA discovered no proof to assist that anti-trans laws makes designated public areas safer, however did discover that “studies of privateness and security violations in these locations are exceedingly uncommon.” In essence, there was no hazard to start with.

March 2024: On March 13, Rowling seems to disclaim on X (previously Twitter) that trans individuals have been focused in the course of the Holocaust. This all began when Rowling retweeted a submit by James Esses about having been “canceled.” Esses is a blogger and former scholar who was fired from his counseling job and expelled from his remedy diploma program for his anti-trans campaigning.

Esses’s submit claimed he was fired for opposing the usage of puberty blockers for trans youngsters. Within the threads of Esses’s submit, in response to considered one of his supporters but additionally copying each Esses and Rowling, a Twitter consumer responded with, “The Nazis burnt books on trans healthcare and analysis, why are you so determined to uphold their ideology round gender?”

Rowling then takes this tweet and screencaps it, asking, “I simply… how? How did you kind this out and press ship with out pondering ‘I ought to possibly verify my supply for this, as a result of it would’ve been a fever dream’?”

The literal burning by Nazis of books and analysis from Berlin’s pioneering Institute for Sexual Analysis, which performed the world’s first gender-affirming surgical procedures for trans individuals, was captured in German newsreels on the time and has been well-documented since, together with by the UK’s personal Holocaust Memorial Day Belief. Calling this very well-sourced historical past a “fever dream” shortly drew vital backlash from Twitter customers, with many framing it as a type of Holocaust denial. When challenged on her declare with a number of sources by Harvard Cyberlaw Clinic teacher Alejandra Caraballo, Rowling first responds that the unique tweet had made claims it didn’t say: that the Nazis burnt all analysis on trans well being care, and that trans individuals have been the first victims of the Nazis.

Rowling then doubles down on Twitter, by quote tweeting one other tweet claiming trans individuals weren’t targets of the Nazis in the course of the Holocaust. In her quote, Rowling frames the verified historical past of Nazi violence towards trans individuals as “persistent claims.” She then, once more in response to Caraballo’s pushback in reply, makes an attempt to separate “trans-identifying individuals” from “homosexual individuals, who have been certainly victims of heinous therapy by the Nazis.”

Caraballo’s reply, which cited sources together with Scientific American, and a thorough accounting by a historian in regards to the methods trans individuals confronted persecution beneath Nazi Germany, didn’t obtain a rejoinder from Rowling.

April 2024: On April 1, 2024, Rowling posted a thread on X pegged to the implementation of the Hate Crime and Public Order (Scotland) Act, which added “threatening or abusive behaviour which is meant to fire up hatred” round various identities, together with age, faith, and transgender identification to the hate crimes statute; the regulation doesn’t, considerably controversially, embrace hatred of girls. In her posts, Rowling spotlit various ladies, from a handful of convicted or reported intercourse offenders to UN appointees Katie Neeves and Munroe Bergdorf in addition to Mridul Wadhwa, head of a Scottish rape disaster middle. All the ladies Rowling listed are reportedly trans — main the writer to write, “Clearly, the individuals talked about within the above tweets aren’t ladies in any respect, however males, each final considered one of them.” Rowling ended the thread with the hashtag #ArrestMe.

Might 2024: As a part of a Twitter dialogue that started with Rowling intentionally misgendering a trans soccer supervisor, she doubled down in response to criticism, each by claiming that trans ladies are “crossdressing straight males” and by evaluating trans identification to cultural appropriation.

“Do I get to be black if I like Motown and fancy myself in cornrows?” she wrote. “What if I declare the genuine me has at all times been black and that you simply’re being racist to me? Would that be OK, or would you discover it ludicrous and deeply offensive?” She didn’t reply to the numerous platform customers who replied to handle her use of racist stereotypes or to level out that race, not like gender, is a genetic identification.

August 2024: Rowling contributed to ongoing harassment and assaults upon Olympics boxer Imane Khelif, who was considered one of two feminine boxers disqualified by the Russian-led Worldwide Boxing Affiliation (IBA) from the 2023 World Championships after an unspecified biochemical take a look at. The take a look at detected elevated ranges of testosterone in Khelif’s system; whereas the precise cause for this result’s unconfirmed, cis ladies can have elevated testosterone ranges on account of pure variations in intercourse traits. Though Khelif is a girl and was assigned feminine at start, many extremists have used this obscure take a look at consequence to assault her with transphobic rhetoric, accusing her of being a person in disguise.

Each Khelif and the opposite IBA-disqualified athlete, Taiwan’s Lin Yu-ting, certified beneath the Worldwide Olympic Committee pointers and have been authorized to compete within the Olympics. However following a dramatic match on August 1, by which Khelif’s opponent Angela Carini of Italy forfeited in beneath a minute after exchanging only a few hits, Khelif as soon as once more got here beneath scrutiny from transphobes on the suspicion of secretly being a person. Among the many transphobic commentary she confronted was vitriol from J.Ok. Rowling, who tweeted a photograph of Khelif taking a look at Carini after Carini abruptly retired.

Carini, proven in tears within the picture after withdrawing as Khelif appears on, refused to shake Khelif’s hand after the match, which can have contributed to the assumption she had been unfairly handled within the ring. She later mentioned to the BBC, nonetheless, that she wished to apologize to Khelif for not shaking her hand — an act Carini defined got here from anger at herself, not Khelif.

Rowling, nonetheless, noticed issues a lot in another way. In her tweet, she framed the picture as a misogynistic assault, writing, “The smirk of a male who’s is aware of he’s protected by a misogynist sporting institution having fun with the misery of a girl he’s simply punched within the head, and whose life’s ambition he’s simply shattered. #Paris2024”

Once more, Khelif was born feminine and has at all times been a cisgender girl. Rowling appears to be arguing that any hormone-related variance in any respect amongst ladies — regardless of the thousands and thousands of girls who’ve hormone imbalances — is sufficient to render them inauthentic or not “actual” ladies. It’s an alarming improvement in her ongoing shift into excessive transphobic views.

Clarification, March 3, 2023, 12:15 pm ET: Up to date to make clear particulars of the character who’s “canceled” in The Ink Black Coronary heart.

Clarification, March 16, 2023, 3:20 pm ET: Up to date to make clear that Rowling’s remarks drew a comparability between the Dying Eaters and the trans rights “motion,” slightly than trans individuals.

Replace, August 1, 2024, 12:00 pm ET: This story, initially revealed March 3, 2023, has been up to date a number of instances, most lately with Rowling’s transphobic remarks a few cisgender Olympics athlete.