A flip-flop in digital electronics is a circuit with two secure states that can be utilized to retailer binary knowledge. The saved knowledge could be modified by making use of various inputs. Flip-flops and latches are elementary constructing blocks of digital electronics programs utilized in computer systems, communications, and plenty of different varieties of programs. Each are used as knowledge storage components.
Why is it referred to as Flip Flop? Its identify comes from its capacity to “flip” or “flop” between two secure states. By latching a worth and altering it when triggered by a clock sign, flip-flops can retailer knowledge over time. They’re referred to as flip-flops as a result of they’ve two secure states and swap between them primarily based on a triggering occasion.
It’s the primary storage aspect in sequential logic. However first, let’s make clear the distinction between a latch and flip-flops.
Flip-Flop v/s Latch
The first distinction between a latch and a flip-flop is a gating or clocking mechanism.
In Easy phrases. Flip Flops are edge-triggered and a latch is level-triggered.
In case you are confused between latch and flip-flop, then it’s best to test this detailed article the place we mentioned the distinction between Latch and flip-flop.
For instance, allow us to speak about SR latch and SR flip-flops. On this circuit while you Set S as energetic, the output Q will probably be excessive and Q’ will probably be Low.
That is no matter the rest. (That is an active-low circuit; so energetic right here means low, however for an energetic excessive circuit, energetic would imply excessive)
A flip-flop, alternatively, is a synchronous Circuit and is often known as a gated or clocked SR latch.
On this circuit diagram, the output is modified (i.e. the saved knowledge is modified) solely while you give an energetic clock sign. In any other case, even when the S or R is energetic, the info is not going to change.
What System is a Flip-flop? A flip-flop is just not a particular gadget however quite a time period used to explain a gaggle of sequential logic circuits. These circuits made up of digital logic gates and different parts, could be created utilizing completely different digital components like transistors, built-in circuits (ICs), or programmable logic units (PLDs).
Let’s perceive the flip-flop intimately with the reality desk and circuits.
Sorts of Flip-flops with Reality Desk
There are 4 varieties of flip-flops in digital electronics:
- SR Flip Flop
- JK Flip Flop
- D Flip Flop
- T Flip Flop
Let’s perceive every Flip-flop one after the other.
1. SR Flip Flop
That is the most typical flip-flop amongst all. This straightforward flip-flop circuit has a set enter (S) and a reset enter (R). On this system, while you Set “S” as energetic, the output “Q” can be excessive, and “Q‘” can be low.
As soon as the outputs are established, the wiring of the circuit is maintained till “S” or “R” goes excessive, or energy is turned off.
As proven above, it’s the easiest and best to grasp. The 2 outputs, as proven above, are the inverse of one another.
SR Flip Flop is often known as a master-slave flip-flop.
The reality desk of SR Flip-Flop is given beneath.
| S | R | Q | Q’ |
| 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| 1 | 1 | ∞ | ∞ |
Examine the detailed clarification of SR Flip Flop.
2. JK Flip-Flop
As a result of undefined state within the SR flip-flops, one other flip-flop is required in electronics.
The JK flip-flop is an enchancment on the SR flip-flop the place S=R=1 is just not an issue.
The enter situation of J=Ok=1 offers an output inverting the output state. Nevertheless, the outputs are the identical when one assessments the circuit virtually.
In easy phrases, If J and Ok knowledge enter are completely different (i.e. excessive and low), then the output Q takes the worth of J on the subsequent clock edge. If J and Ok are each low, then no change happens.
If J and Ok are each excessive on the clock edge, then the output will toggle from one state to the opposite. JK Flip-Flops can perform as Set or Reset Flip-flops.
JK Flip-flop Reality Desk:
| J | Ok | Q | Q’ |
| 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
Examine the detailed clarification of JK Flip Flop.
3. D Flip-Flop
Delay or D flip-flop is a greater different that could be very widespread with digital electronics. They’re generally used for counters, shift registers, and enter synchronization.
Within the D flip-flops, the output can solely be modified on the clock edge, and if the enter modifications at different instances, the output will probably be unaffected.
Reality Desk:
| Clock | D | Q | Q’ |
| ↓ » 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| ↑ » 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| ↓ » 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| ↑ » 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
The change of state of the output depends on the rising fringe of the clock. The output (Q) is identical because the enter and may solely change on the rising fringe of the clock.
Examine the detailed clarification of D Flip Flop.
4. T Flip-Flop
A T flip-flop is sort of a JK flip-flop. These are single-input variations of JK flip-flops. This modified type of the JK is obtained by connecting inputs J and Ok collectively. It has just one enter together with the clock enter.
These flip-flops are referred to as T flip-flops due to their capacity to enrich their state i.e. Toggle, therefore they’re named Toggle flip-flops.
Reality Desk:
Examine the detailed clarification of T Flip Flop.
Functions
These are the assorted varieties of flip-flops being utilized in digital digital circuits and the functions of Flip-flops are as specified beneath.
- Counters
- Frequency Dividers
- Shift Registers
- Storage Registers
What’s the Main Function of Flip-flops in Pc Electronics? Flip-flops play a crucial function in pc electronics by serving as reminiscence components, storing state data, making certain clock synchronization, enabling digital counting, and facilitating management logic. They’re important for knowledge storage, sequencing, coordination, and management inside a pc system.
Flip Flop Conversion
Flip-flop conversion refers back to the technique of modifying one kind of flip-flop (e.g., SR, D, JK, or T) to behave like one other kind by designing an applicable enter logic circuit. That is usually required when a particular flip-flop is just not straight accessible or for simplifying circuit design.
Common Steps for Flip-Flop Conversion
- Perceive the Supply and Goal Flip-Flops:
- Determine the kind of flip-flop you might have (supply flip-flop) and the kind you wish to convert it into (goal flip-flop).
- Know the attribute equations and reality tables for each sorts.
- Write the Reality Desk for the Goal Flip-Flop:
- Create a reality desk for the goal flip-flop primarily based on its attribute equation and behavior. Embody the present state (Q), the enter of the goal flip-flop, and the following state (Qnext).
- Relate the Goal and Supply Flip-Flops:
- For every attainable mixture of Q (present state) and Qnext (desired subsequent state), decide the required inputs for the supply flip-flop to realize the identical behaviour.
- Decide the Enter Expressions:
- Derive the logic expressions for the inputs of the supply flip-flop that may permit it to supply the identical output transitions because the goal flip-flop.
- Use Karnaugh maps (Ok-maps) or Boolean algebra to simplify the enter logic expressions.
- Design the Conversion Logic Circuit:
- Use the simplified expressions to design a circuit utilizing logic gates that join the enter(s) of the supply flip-flop to behave just like the goal flip-flop.
- Confirm the Conversion:
- Validate the conversion by making certain that the supply flip-flop with the designed logic produces the identical Qnext because the goal flip-flop for all enter situations.
SR Flip-Flop Conversion to Different Flip-Flops
Changing SR Flip-Flop to JK Flip-Flop
To transform an SR flip-flop right into a JK flip-flop, we have to design a combinational circuit with J and Ok as inputs, that are then linked to the SR flip-flop inputs. The purpose is for the output to imitate the behaviour of a JK flip-flop.
Right here’s the method:
- Begin by making a reality desk for J, Ok, and the current state (QP), contemplating all attainable mixtures.
- For every mixture, decide the following state (QN).
- Determine the S and R values wanted to transition from QP to QN.
Utilizing the reality desk, the Boolean equations for S and R are derived utilizing Karnaugh maps:
The logic diagram for the JK flip-flop carried out from an SR flip-flop connects these inputs by means of the derived equations.
Changing SR Flip-Flop to D Flip-Flop
Remodeling an SR flip-flop right into a D flip-flop is easier. The Knowledge (D) enter is linked to the S enter, whereas its inverted kind (D’) is linked to the R enter. The Boolean equations derived from the reality desk are:
This setup ensures the SR flip-flop behaves like a D flip-flop, storing the enter knowledge in sync with the clock sign.
Changing SR Flip-Flop to T Flip-Flop
To transform an SR flip-flop to a T flip-flop, a combinational circuit is designed utilizing the Toggle (T) enter and the current state (QP).
- Reality tables are used to find out the required S and R values for every T and QP mixture.
- The derived equations are:
The ensuing circuit permits toggling the state of the flip-flop primarily based on the T enter.
JK Flip-Flop Conversion
Changing JK Flip-Flop to SR Flip-Flop
The JK flip-flop could be straight transformed into an SR flip-flop as a result of the logic for J and Ok aligns with S and R.
No further circuitry is required—merely relabel the inputs.
Changing JK Flip-Flop to D Flip-Flop
To rework a JK flip-flop right into a D flip-flop:
- The Knowledge (D) enter connects on to J.
- The inverted D (D’) connects to Ok.
The Boolean equations are simple:
This ensures the JK flip-flop shops and outputs the D enter accurately.
Changing JK Flip-Flop to T Flip-Flop
Changing a JK flip-flop right into a T flip-flop is so simple as connecting the T enter on to each J and Ok.
This allows toggling performance with minimal modifications.
D Flip-Flop Conversion
Changing D Flip-Flop to SR Flip-Flop
To transform a D flip-flop to an SR flip-flop, a combinational circuit is added to derive S and R from D.
This design aligns the D flip-flop to behave like an SR flip-flop.
Changing D Flip-Flop to JK Flip-Flop
The conversion entails creating J and Ok inputs primarily based on the D enter.
These connections make sure the D flip-flop capabilities as a JK flip-flop.
Changing D Flip-Flop to T Flip-Flop
A D flip-flop may perform as a T flip-flop through the use of the T enter to toggle the state. No further combinational logic is required for this straightforward conversion.
We hope this text helped you perceive Flip-Flops in digital electronics.
Nonetheless, in case you have any doubts, please be at liberty to ask within the remark part beneath, or you should utilize our Discussion board to begin a dialogue with the electronics hobbyists and engineers group.
You can too test this PowerPoint presentation to be taught extra about Flip-flops in Digital Electronics.
This text was first revealed on 17 August 2017 and not too long ago up to date in January 2025.
