Jia, C.-L., City, Okay. W., Alexe, M., Hesse, D. & Vrejoiu, I. Direct remark of steady electrical dipole rotation in flux-closure domains in ferroelectric Pb(Zr,Ti)O3. Science 331, 1420–1423 (2011).
Ivry, Y., Chu, D. P., Scott, J. F. & Durkan, C. Flux closure vortexlike area constructions in ferroelectric skinny movies. Phys. Rev. Lett. 104, 207602 (2010).
Tang, Y. L. et al. Commentary of a periodic array of flux-closure quadrants in strained ferroelectric PbTiO3 movies. Science 348, 547–551 (2015).
Yadav, A. Okay. et al. Commentary of polar vortices in oxide superlattices. Nature 530, 198–201 (2016).
Nahas, Y. et al. Inverse transition of labyrinthine area patterns in ferroelectric skinny movies. Nature 577, 47–51 (2020).
Das, S. et al. Commentary of room-temperature polar skyrmions. Nature 568, 368–372 (2019).
Seidel, J. et al. Conduction at area partitions in oxide multiferroics. Nat. Mater. 8, 229–234 (2009).
Zubko, P. et al. Destructive capacitance in multidomain ferroelectric superlattices. Nature 534, 524–528 (2016).
Guo, M. et al. Toroidal polar topology in strained ferroelectric polymer. Science 371, 1050–1056 (2021).
Wang, Y. J. et al. Polar meron lattice in strained oxide ferroelectrics. Nat. Mater. 19, 881–886 (2020).
Sánchez-Santolino, G. et al. A 2D ferroelectric vortex sample in twisted BaTiO3 freestanding layers. Nature 626, 529–534 (2024).
Li, Q. et al. Subterahertz collective dynamics of polar vortices. Nature 592, 376–380 (2021).
Shafer, P. et al. Emergent chirality within the electrical polarization texture of titanate superlattices. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 115, 915–920 (2018).
Behera, P. et al. Electrical subject management of chirality. Sci. Adv. 8, eabj8030 (2022).
Han, H. et al. Electrical field-manipulated optical chirality in ferroelectric vortex domains. Adv. Mater. 36, e2408400 (2024).
Yadav, A. Okay. et al. Spatially resolved steady-state unfavourable capacitance. Nature 565, 468–471 (2019).
Jiang, J. et al. Non permanent formation of extremely conducting area partitions for non-destructive read-out of ferroelectric domain-wall resistance switching reminiscences. Nat. Mater. 17, 49–56 (2018).
Rojac, T. et al. Area-wall conduction in ferroelectric BiFeO3 managed by accumulation of charged defects. Nat. Mater. 16, 322–327 (2017).
Junquera, J. et al. Topological phases in polar oxide nanostructures. Rev. Mod. Phys. 95, 025001 (2023).
Yu, N. et al. Gentle propagation with section discontinuities: generalized legal guidelines of reflection and refraction. Science 334, 333–337 (2011).
Jisha, C. P., Nolte, S. & Alberucci, A. Geometric section in optics: from wavefront manipulation to waveguiding. Laser Photonics Rev. https://doi.org/10.1002/lpor.202100003 (2021).
Jin, H. et al. On-chip technology and manipulation of entangled photons primarily based on reconfigurable lithium-niobate waveguide circuits. Phys. Rev. Lett. 113, 103601 (2014).
Wang, J. et al. Excessive-Q lithium niobate microdisk resonators on a chip for environment friendly electro-optic modulation. Choose. Categorical 23, 23072–23078 (2015).
Zhu, S., Zhu, Y. & Ming, N. Quasi-phase-matched third-harmonic technology in a quasi-periodic optical superlattice. Science 278, 843–846 (1997).
Xu, X. et al. Femtosecond laser writing of lithium niobate ferroelectric nanodomains. Nature 609, 496–501 (2022).
Liu, Y. et al. Broadband spin and orbital momentum modulator utilizing self-assembled nanostructures. Adv. Mater. 36, 2412007 (2024).
Ni, J. C. et al. Multidimensional section singularities in nanophotonics. Science 374, eabj0039 (2021).
Allen, L., Beijersbergen, M. W., Spreeuw, R. J. C. & Woerdman, J. P. Orbital angular momentum of sunshine and the transformation of Laguerre–Gaussian laser modes. Phys. Rev. A 45, 8185–8189 (1992).
Wang, X. et al. Current advances on optical vortex technology. Nanophotonics 7, 1533–1556 (2018).
Bai, Y., Lv, H., Fu, X. & Yang, Y. Vortex beam: technology and detection of orbital angular momentum. Chin. Choose. Lett. 20, 012601 (2022).
Yao, J. et al. Era of optical vortices by diffraction from round apertures. ACS Photonics 10, 4267–4272 (2023).
Wang, J. et al. Terabit free-space knowledge transmission using orbital angular momentum multiplexing. Nat. Photonics 6, 488–496 (2012).
Wang, J. Advances in communications utilizing optical vortices. Photonics Res. 4, B14–B28 (2016).
Fang, X., Ren, H. & Gu, M. Orbital angular momentum holography for high-security encryption. Nat. Photonics 14, 102–108 (2019).
Tan, C. et al. Engineering polar vortex from topologically trivial area structure. Nat. Commun. 12, 4620 (2021).
Govinden, V. et al. Ferroelectric solitons crafted in epitaxial bismuth ferrite superlattices. Nat. Commun. 14, 4178 (2023).
Dong, G. et al. Tremendous-elastic ferroelectric single-crystal membrane with steady electrical dipole rotation. Science 366, 475–479 (2019).
Solar, H. Y. et al. Nonvolatile ferroelectric area wall reminiscence built-in on silicon. Nat. Commun. 13, 4332 (2022).
Ji, D. X. et al. Freestanding crystalline oxide perovskites all the way down to the monolayer restrict. Nature 570, 87–90 (2019).
Hong, S. S. et al. Excessive tensile pressure states in La0.7Ca0.3MnO3 membranes. Science 368, 71–76 (2020).
Han, L. et al. Excessive-density switchable skyrmion-like polar nanodomains built-in on silicon. Nature 603, 63–67 (2022).
Xiao, J. et al. Intrinsic two-dimensional ferroelectricity with dipole locking. Phys. Rev. Lett. 120, 227601 (2018).
Pugachev, A. M. et al. Damaged native symmetry in paraelectric BaTiO3 proved by second harmonic technology. Phys. Rev. Lett. 108, 247601 (2012).
Denev, S. A., Lummen, T. T. A., Barnes, E., Kumar, A. & Gopalan, V. Probing ferroelectrics utilizing optical second harmonic technology. J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 94, 2699–2727 (2011).
Cherifi-Hertel, S. et al. Non-Ising and chiral ferroelectric area partitions revealed by nonlinear optical microscopy. Nat. Commun. 8, 15768 (2017).
Devlin, R. C., Ambrosio, A., Rubin, N. A., Mueller, J. P. B. & Capasso, F. Arbitrary spin-to-orbital angular momentum conversion of sunshine. Science 358, 896–901 (2017).
Bliokh, Okay. Y., Rodriguez-Fortuno, F. J., Nori, F. & Zayats, A. V. Spin–orbit interactions of sunshine. Nat. Photonics 9, 796–808 (2015).
Liu, G. et al. in Fundamentals and Functions of Nonlinear Nanophotonics (ed. Panoiu N. C.) 393–440 (Elsevier, 2024).
Li, G. et al. Steady management of the nonlinearity section for harmonic generations. Nat. Mater. 14, 607–612 (2015).
Guo, C. Q. et al. Area evolution in bended freestanding BaTiO3 ultrathin movies: a phase-field simulation. Appl. Phys. Lett. 116, 152903 (2020).
Balke, N. et al. Deterministic management of ferroelastic switching in multiferroic supplies. Nat. Nanotechnol. 4, 868–875 (2009).
Matzen, S. et al. Tremendous switching and management of in-plane ferroelectric nanodomains in strained skinny movies. Nat. Commun. 5, 4415 (2014).
Tate, M. W. et al. Excessive dynamic vary pixel array detector for scanning transmission electron microscopy. Microsc. Microanal. 22, 237–249 (2016).
Li, G., Zhang, S. & Zentgraf, T. Nonlinear photonic metasurfaces. Nat. Rev. Mater. 2, 17010 (2017).
Goodman, J. W. Introduction to Fourier Optics third edn (Roberts & Firm, 2005).
Sroor, H. et al. Excessive-purity orbital angular momentum states from a visual metasurface laser. Nat. Photonics 14, 498–503 (2020).